Spherulites


Spherulites appear in samples crystallized from the melt. They are structures that are large enough to be visible with an optical microscope. They produce the appearance of a Maltese cross, PC Fig. 7.29, when viewed through crossed polarizers. The spherulite contains both crystalline and amorphous material. They are spherical when small enough so that each spherulite is independent of the others in the sample, and change shape when they have grown enough so that they impinge on one another. The chains are oriented in a direction that is perpendicular to the radius of the spherulite.

Isotactic polypropylene

The structure of a spherulite was illuminated in an experiment performed over 30 years ago, in which isotactic polypropylene was crystallized in a sample that also contained atactic polypropylene, with the ratio 1:9. After crystallization, the amorphous atactic polypropylene was removed by a solvent that did not disturbed the crystallized isotactic polypropylene, leading to a visualization of the structure of the crystalline material (PC Fig. 7.30, reproduced from Keith, H. D.; Padden, F. J. J. Appl. Phys. 1964, 35, 1270).

Schematic picture of growth

PC Fig. 7.31 depicts a schematic representation of the growth of a spherulite, and the next figure is a magnification of a small portion to show the location of chain folded material. The chain fold is much less regular here than in material crystallized from dilute solution. A small number of chains (tie molecules) cross from one lamella to another. These tie chains are important for the toughness and plastic deformation of certain polymers.

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July 1, 1999
Wayne L. Mattice: wlm@polymer.uakron.edu